中华妇产科杂志 |
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| 国产女用避孕套的临床有效性试验 徐晋勋 吴愉 曹奇健 庄留琪 【摘要】 目的 了解国产女用避孕套(阴道套)的临床避孕效果。方法 将603对育龄期志愿者夫妇随机分成两组,其中304对使用阴道套避孕(阴道套组),299对使用阴茎套避孕(阴茎套组)。随访6个月,以生命表法统计、Log rank检验比较两组的妊娠率、因症停用率和其他原因停用率等。603对夫妇使用前后宫颈刮片和阴道脱落细胞检查均无异常。结果 6个月的随访率,阴道套组和阴茎套组分别为99.01%和99.67%;两组粗累积妊娠率分别为1.06/100妇女和1.69/100妇女,粗累积因症停用率分别为1.39/100妇女和0.34/100妇女,差异无显著性(P均>0.05)。但其他原因停用,阴道套组显著高于阴茎套组(P<0.01),主要原因是半数以上志愿者试验前已习惯使用阴茎套。结论 国产阴道套的临床避孕效果与阴茎套一样,是安全、可靠的。 【关键词】 避孕套,女用 避孕 Contraceptive Efficacy of Sino-female Condom: Comparison with Condom XU Jinxun*, WU Yu, CAO Qijian, et al. *Shanghai Municipal Family Planning Commission, Shanghai 200002 【Abstract】 Objective To compare the contraceptive efficacy of Sino-female condom with condom. Methods 603 volunteer couples were randomly divided into two groups: 304 couples using female condom for contraception, and 299 using condom. Using lifetable method and log rank test, we compared the pregnancy rates and other discontinuation rates after follow-up for 6 months in two groups. Results No abnormal findings of cervical and vaginal smears were detected before and after this clinical trial in all 603 women. The follow-up rates at 6 months were 99.01% and 99.67% in the female condom group and condom group, respectively. The 6-month gross cumulative pregnancy rates were 1.06 and 1.69 per 100 women and the discontinuation rates due to allergy were 1.39 and 0.34, respectively. No difference was statistically significant (P>0.05). However, the discontinuation rate for other causes in the female condom group was significantly higher than that in the condom group (P<0.01). The main cause was that more than half of subjects were used to applying condom before this study. Conclusion The contraceptive efficacy of Sino-female condom is as same as that of condom, and its clinical use is quite safe. 【Key words】 Condoms, female Contraception 女用避孕套(阴道套)是80年代中期国际上发展的一种新型屏障避孕器具[1]。1992年12月美国食品与药物管理局批准阴道套可用于避孕和预防性传播疾病(STDs)[2]。借鉴国外阴道套的设计,上海乳胶厂和上海市计划生育技术指导所试制了适合我国妇女使用的阴道套(专利号:ZL95244714.2)。上海市计划生育委员会、上海市女用避孕套协作组在1996年9~12月可接受性试验的基础上[3],于1997年1~9月对国产阴道套和男用避孕套(阴茎套)进行随机化、多中心临床有效性试验,随访6个月,对试验中各项停用指标进行比较、分析。现将结果报道如下。 资料与方法 一、研究对象 结果 一、两组临床有效性比较 表1 两组2、4、6个月时停用、续用和随访率(对) |
| 组别 | 总夫妇数 | 停用 | 续用 | 随访率 (%) |
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| 妊娠 | 因症 | 其他 原因 |
失访 | ||||
| 2个月 | |||||||
| 阴道套组 | 304 | 1 | 2 | 16 | 1 | 284 | 99.67 |
| 阴茎套组 | 299 | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0 | 295 | 100.00 |
| 4个月 | |||||||
| 阴道套组 | 284 | 1 | 2 | 4 | 2 | 275 | 99.30 |
| 阴茎套组 | 295 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 1 | 291 | 99.66 |
| 6个月 | |||||||
| 阴道套组 | 275 | 1 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 272 | 100.00 |
| 阴茎套组 | 291 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 289 | 100.00 |
| 合计 | |||||||
| 阴道套组 | 304 | 3 | 4 | 22 | 3 | 272 | 99.01 |
| 阴茎套组 | 299 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 1 | 289 | 99.67 |
2.两组应用6个月时各种净、粗累积率(/100妇女)比较:6个月时阴道套组和阴茎套组的粗累积妊娠率分别为1.06/100妇女和1.69/100妇女,两者比较,差异无显著性(P>0.05)。两组粗累积因症停用率分别为1.39/100妇女和0.34/100妇女,差异也无显著性(P>0.05)。阴道套组和阴茎套组的粗累积其他原因停用率则分别为7.32/100妇女和1.02/100妇女,两者比较,差异有显著性(P<0.01)。见表2。 二、两组试验前后妇科检查和实验检查情况 1.宫颈刮片和阴道细胞学检查:两组试验前后均无异常发现。 2.白带常规:阴道套组试验前1例有白细胞(+),试验后3例异常,其中1例为霉菌感染(本身有身体其他部位霉菌感染),2例为白细胞(++),表2 两组6个月时各种净、粗累积率(/100妇女)和随访率 |
| 组别 | 总夫 妇对数 |
妊娠 | 因症取出 | 非医学原因停用 | 续用率 ( |
随访率 (%) |
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| 净累积率 | 粗累积率 | 净累积率 | 粗累积率 | 净累积率 | 粗累积率 | ||||
| 阴道套组 | 304 | 0.99 | 1.06 | 1.32 | 1.39 | 7.26 | 7.32 | 90.42±1.70 | 99.01 |
| (0~2.25) | (0.04~2.75) | (4.38~10.27) | |||||||
| 阴茎套组 | 299 | 1.67 | 1.69 | 0.33 | 0.34 | 1.00 | 1.02 | 97.00±1.00 | 99.67 |
| (0.22~3.15) | (0~1.02) | (0~2.16) | |||||||
| P值 | >0.05 | >0.05 | <0.01 | ||||||
| 注:括号内为95%可信限 经治疗,均恢复正常。阴茎套组试验前后均无异常。 3.妇科检查:试验前阴道套组有4例(1.32%)异常,其中双子宫双宫颈2例,宫颈息肉1例,宫颈中度糜烂1例;阴茎套组有2例(0.67%)异常,其中卵巢囊肿1例,宫颈中度糜烂1例。试验后阴道套组有3例(1.09%)异常,情况如前,1例宫颈中度糜烂因主观感觉不适停用;阴茎套组有4例(1.38%)异常,其中2例为试验前已异常,有2例出现宫颈息肉。 三、两组其他临床情况比较 阴道套组第1次随访(半个月)时304对夫妇中有106对(34.87%)对放置的器具不太放心或有不适、不便感;第4次随访(6个月)时,这106对夫妇中有18对因之停用,而另88对的不放心或不适、不便感逐渐消失,一直使用至试验结束,无妊娠,也无其他原因停用。阴茎套组无对使用不放心的现象,仅有25对夫妇(8.36%)有不适感;第4次随访(6个月)时,这25对夫妇中无因此停用现象。 讨论 一、研制阴道套的意义 作者单位:200002 上海市计划生育委员会科学技术研究处(徐晋勋);上海市计划生育技术指导所(吴愉,庄留琪);上海乳胶厂(曹奇健) 参考文献 [1] IMPA. Statement on barrier methods of contraception. IPPF Medical Bulletin, 1994, 22:1-2.[2] Gollub EL, Stein ZA. Commentary: the new female condom item 1 on a women's AIDS prevention agenda. Am J Public Health, 1993, 83:498-500. [3] 徐晋勋,吴愉,曹奇健,等.国产女用避孕套的可接受性试验.生殖与避孕,1997,17:235-240. [4] Trussell J, Sturgen K, Strickler J, et al. Contraceptive efficacy of the reality female condom: comparison with other barrier methods. Fam Plan Perspet, 1994, 262:66-72. [5] 徐晋勋.屏障避孕.生殖与避孕,1996,16:149-152. (收稿:1998-03-15 修回:1998-10-20) (本文编辑:姜民慧) |